UX OPTIMISATION FRAMEWORK

Every product problem looks different. The questions that solve them don't.

After enough projects, the surface stops mattering. A checkout, a care service, a foldable phone — different constraints, same three questions underneath.

This is the lens I bring before I design anything.

UX Optimisation = Behaviour Type × Industry Context × Product Flow

01 · WHY THIS EXISTS

It started as a pattern, not a system.

I didn't set out to build a framework. I just kept noticing the same thing across retail, social care and consumer electronics — the same interface failing different people for completely different reasons.

After the third project where "add trust signals" turned out to answer a completely different question, it stopped being a coincidence. This is just the write-up of what I was already doing.

The pattern, three times

CeXCondition uncertainty
GoToHealthcareInstitutional trust
SamsungNobody scrolling far enough to be persuaded

Three industries, three problems — one diagnostic path.

Key takeaway

The same interface fails different people for different reasons. Until you know which reason, you're guessing at the fix.

In practiceAt CeX the barrier was condition uncertainty. At GoToHealthcare it was institutional trust. Same symptom — people leaving — completely different causes.

FRAMEWORK AT A GLANCE

LAYER 1

Behaviour Type

Who is the user, and what mode are they operating in?

Goal-driven Explorer Hesitant Habitual Price-sensitive

LAYER 2

Industry Context

What environment is shaping their behaviour?

E-commerce SaaS / B2B Fintech Media Healthcare

LAYER 3

Product Flow

Where in the journey does the friction live?

Discovery Evaluation Decision Conversion Retention

02 · THE FRAMEWORK IN BRIEF

Three questions, asked in order.

This isn't a replacement for established UX practice — the methods are the same ones everyone uses. The difference is what the process is organised around, and what it is required to produce.

A conventional process
This framework
Starts with the user
Starts with the user's mode — the same person behaves differently depending on context and stakes
Industry sits in the background as domain knowledge
Industry context is an explicit variable that changes which signals carry weight
Research produces insights
Research produces a testable hypothesis with a defined win criterion
Success is a shipped design
Success is a decision with evidence attached — including the decision not to build

03 · UNDERSTANDING PEOPLE

What mode is this person in?

Not who they are — what they're doing right now. The same person is patient browsing and impatient checking out.
This reframed the whole WiseLaundry concept →

Before any design decision, identify the dominant behavioural mode. The same user can shift between modes depending on context, familiarity, and stakes — the interface needs to serve the mode, not just the person.

GOAL-DRIVEN

Goal-driven

→ Speed & completion

Knows what they want. Friction is the enemy. Optimise for the shortest path to completion — reduce steps, surface CTAs early, eliminate decision load.

  • Reduce steps to conversion
  • Surface CTAs before scroll threshold
HESITANT

Hesitant

→ Trust & reassurance

Ready to act but held back by uncertainty. Needs visible trust signals — warranties, reviews, return policies — surfaced at the point of decision, not buried.

  • Surface trust signals above the fold
  • Reduce perceived risk at CTA moment

Explorer

→ Comparison & evaluation

Comparing options and building a shortlist. Wants difference made obvious — not more information, better contrast.

  • Make comparison possible without leaving the page
  • Differentiate options on the axes users actually weigh

Habitual

→ Efficiency & shortcuts

Has done this before and expects it to work the same way. Novelty is friction; recognition is speed.

  • Preserve familiar patterns and entry points
  • Offer shortcuts — reorder, saved details, defaults

Price-sensitive

→ Value focus

Value is the deciding variable, but value is not the same as cheap. Needs the price justified, not just displayed.

  • Explain what the price includes
  • Anchor against a comparable so the value is legible

Key takeaway

Start with the mode, not the persona. The same person behaves differently depending on what's at stake.

In practiceWiseLaundry: the user isn't a "laundry enthusiast" — they're a hesitant user facing an interface that won't explain itself. That single reframe made error prevention the product, not a feature.

04 · UNDERSTANDING CONTEXT

What has this industry trained them to expect?

Every category teaches its users what "trustworthy" looks like. Ignore that and your reassurance lands on deaf ears.
In social care it was accreditation — see GoToHealthcare →

Behavioural modes don't exist in a vacuum — industry context shapes expectations, risk tolerance, and the cognitive load a user arrives with. The same hesitant behaviour looks different in fintech than it does in e-commerce.

E-COMMERCE

E-commerce

→ Comparison + impulse

Users oscillate between evaluation and impulse. Trust, value communication, and checkout friction are the primary conversion levers.

  • Reduce checkout abandonment friction
  • Surface trust signals at decision point
SAAS / B2B

SaaS / B2B

→ Multi-step decisions

Long consideration cycles with multiple stakeholders. Onboarding friction, time-to-value, and feature adoption are the core UX problems.

  • Accelerate time-to-first-value
  • Design for multi-stakeholder review

Fintech

→ Trust + risk sensitivity

Regulatory weight and financial exposure raise the cost of an error. Users read carefully and abandon quickly.

  • Make security and regulation visible, not buried
  • Reduce irreversible actions and add confirmation

Media

→ Attention loops

Attention is the currency and it is contested continuously. Sessions are short, repeat visits are the goal.

  • Optimise for return, not session length
  • Reduce friction between interest and next item

Healthcare

→ Reassurance-led UX

Users often arrive under stress, sometimes on behalf of someone else. Reassurance carries more weight than persuasion.

  • Lead with credentials and accreditation
  • Use plain language — clinical terms read as distance

Key takeaway

Industry decides which signals carry weight. The same reassurance lands differently depending on what the category has trained people to expect.

In practiceGoToHealthcare: OFSTED registration did more work than any persuasive copy could — because in social care, accreditation is the argument.

05 · TURNING INSIGHT INTO DECISIONS

Where the three answers meet, a hypothesis appears.

All three are real studies on this site. The framework produced the hypothesis. The case study shows what happened next.

E-commerce Checkout drop-off

High cart abandonment at payment step

BEHAVIOUR Hesitant — committed enough to reach the cart, stalled by uncertainty at the worst possible moment.
CONTEXT E-commerce — trust signals and payment flexibility are the levers that matter here.
FRICTION Multi-step checkout — no security signals, no payment flexibility, too much to process at once.

HYPOTHESIS

"Surfacing payment options and a security badge directly above the CTA will reduce drop-off by addressing the trust gap at the highest-intent moment."

See this in practice: CeX — Trust & Transparency →
Social care Enquiry drop-off

Users with clear intent leaving before making contact

BEHAVIOUR Hesitant — under stress, often deciding for someone else. Trust has to come before the call.
CONTEXT Social care — accreditation outweighs persuasion. Plain language is the trust signal.
FRICTION Structural — exits on Services and About, before the form ever loaded.

HYPOTHESIS

"Surfacing accreditation above the fold and rewriting service copy in plain language will reduce drop-off by resolving the trust question before the point of contact."

Tested and measured: GoToHealthcare — ↓11% drop-off →
Consumer electronics Content never seen

Persuasive content sitting below where users stop scrolling

BEHAVIOUR Explorer — evaluating an unfamiliar form factor, justifying a large spend.
CONTEXT Consumer electronics — high consideration, and the spec detail is the persuasion.
FRICTION A false bottom — the hero reads as a complete page, so exploration stops there.

HYPOTHESIS

"Reducing hero height so the next section breaks the fold will increase the proportion of users reaching 50% scroll depth — testing whether the constraint is visibility rather than content."

Experiment designed: Samsung — 4 isolated tests →

Key takeaway

When you know the mode, the context and the friction point, the hypothesis is no longer a creative act — it's the obvious next sentence.

In practiceSamsung: explorer mode + high-consideration category + a false bottom above the fold produced four isolated experiments, each with its own win criterion.

06 · THE WORKFLOW

From question to validated decision.

Once behaviour, context and friction are understood, the hypothesis almost writes itself. Each step leaves an artefact behind.

01. IDENTIFY

Identify behaviour type

Determine which behavioural mode the user is operating in before any design decision is made.

  • 01

    session recordings

  • 02

    user interviews

  • 03

    surveys

ProducesBehaviour-mode map, with the evidence behind each classification

02. CONTEXTUALISE

Apply industry context

Layer in the industry environment to understand which friction patterns and signals carry the most weight.

  • 01

    competitor analysis

  • 02

    benchmarking

  • 03

    UX audit

ProducesCompetitive benchmark and heuristic audit scorecard

03. MAP

Map friction in product flow

Locate the exact points in the product journey where behaviour type meets industry context and creates drop-off.

  • 01

    heatmaps

  • 02

    funnel analysis

  • 03

    journey mapping

ProducesAnnotated journey map, friction points ranked by impact

04. HYPOTHESISE

Form hypothesis

Write a specific, testable statement that predicts what will happen if a defined friction point is addressed.

  • 01

    affinity mapping

  • 02

    opportunity definition

  • 03

    hypothesis framing

ProducesHypothesis brief — If / Then / Because, with win criteria

05. VALIDATE

Validate with data

Test the hypothesis using quantitative and qualitative methods. Every recommendation arrives with evidence already attached.

  • 01

    A/B testing

  • 02

    analytics

  • 03

    VOC

ProducesTest result and decision record — scale, iterate or kill

Key takeaway

Every stage produces an artefact, not just a conversation. If a step doesn't leave something behind, it hasn't finished.

In practiceGoToHealthcare: the audit produced a scorecard, the testing produced a findings map, and the second round produced a decision record — ↓11% drop-off, measured.

07 · WHERE AI FITS

Research moves faster when AI handles the heavy lifting.

I integrate AI tools into my research workflow not to replace judgement, but to accelerate the mechanical parts — so more time goes on interpretation, synthesis, and decision-making.

GOTOHEALTHCARE · IN PRACTICE

"During qualitative synthesis at GoToHealthcare, I used LLM tools to identify patterns across interview transcripts in hours rather than days — then stress-tested those patterns against the data myself. The hypotheses arrived faster; the rigour stayed the same."

Synthesis acceleration

LLM tools process large volumes of qualitative data — interview transcripts, survey responses, usability notes — surfacing themes and candidate patterns for researcher review and validation.

Hypothesis generation

Using AI to generate candidate hypotheses from raw insight data — then evaluating, pruning, and pressure-testing each one against behavioural evidence before any experiment is designed.

Where I don't use it

AI surfaces patterns. It can't tell you which ones matter.

  • It doesn't know a participant hesitated before answering
  • It can't see that a theme contradicts the analytics
  • It won't spot a pattern that's an artefact of how I phrased the question

Every candidate finding gets checked against the raw data before it earns the word — and I've thrown some away.

BEFORE YOU ASK

What this isn't.

Notanother UX process. The methods are the same ones everyone uses.
Nota checklist. Skipping a layer is often the right call.
Nota replacement for research. It decides what to research.
Nota guarantee of the right answer. It improves the question.

No framework removes uncertainty — it reduces it. Sometimes the research disproves the hypothesis it started from. That's not a failed project; that's the framework doing its job before the build cost was spent.

08 · WHERE IT NEEDS ADAPTING

Where this needs adapting.

A framework that works everywhere usually isn't doing much. These are the conditions where I'd adapt it, or not reach for it at all.

It assumes you can observe behaviour

In low-traffic products, analytics are too thin to identify a dominant mode and qualitative work has to carry the whole diagnosis. The framework still applies — it just runs slower and with wider error bars.

It assumes one dominant behaviour mode

That breaks down in multi-stakeholder purchases where the researcher, the budget holder and the end user are three different people with three different modes. There, Layer 1 needs running once per role.

It optimises within an existing product

It will tell you why a flow is failing. It will not tell you whether the product should exist — that's a discovery and strategy question, and this is the wrong tool for it.

HOW I THINK

What holds it all together.

01. DISCOVER

Data-driven, not data-led

Analytics tells me where to look. Research tells me what I'm seeing.

You getA prioritised opportunity backlog

  • Behavioural analytics
  • Funnel analysis
  • Qualitative synthesis
02. HYPOTHESISE

Hypotheses before wireframes

If I can't say what I'm testing and how I'll know it worked, it isn't ready to build.

You getA tested hypothesis with a win criterion

  • Hypothesis framing
  • Opportunity definition
  • Experiment design
03. OPTIMISE

Outcomes over outputs

Success is behaviour change and business impact — not deliverables shipped.

You getA measured result and a decision

  • A/B experimentation
  • Conversion optimisation
  • Impact measurement

THE FORMULA

A framework only matters
if it survives reality.

Every case study in this portfolio runs the same system. Different industries, different users, different constraints — the framework stays the same because the questions do.

Behaviour × Context × Flow = Testable hypothesis
See it applied → Read the case studies →

Chapter five

A framework is only as good as the person holding it.

None of this came from a textbook. It came from years of watching how people behave in products, communities and games — long before any of it had a name.

"Research didn't change how I think. It gave a name to how I already did."
Meet the person behind the framework →